随着元宇宙技术进步及头显设备的成功商业化，元宇宙在医学教育领域的应用前景日益凸显。本文系统综述了耳鼻咽喉头颈外科元宇宙应用的最新进展，并提出专科建设思路。VR 手术模拟器、3D 打印联合 VR 技术等能显著提升学员考核成绩和操作信心，优化手眼协调与空间感知能力。AR 显微镜系统通过手势识别实现免接触交互，可提高手术效率。AR 导航平台在颅颌面手术中展现出实时 3D 可视化优势，VR 和 360°视频培训有效提升了低年资医师的前鼻孔填塞技能。VR 辅助扁桃体周围脓肿引流教学显著提高了医学生的结构化临床考试评分、操作信心和参与度。经口机器人手术中整合 3D 虚拟模型与图像叠加技术，为图像引导手术提供了实用价值。VR 技术能有效缓解耳鼻喉科手术患者的疼痛和焦虑，提高满意度，并可作为非药物干预手段减少阿片类药物使用。VR 联合可穿戴设备可降低术后阿片用量，VR 前庭康复训练能提高耳石症患者的治疗依从性和生活质量。VR 已成为 ENT 数字化教学的创新组成部分，在解剖、生理与病理教学中展现出与传统方法等效甚至更佳的效果。基于上述进展，本文提出依托“复旦中山惠生智育”元宇宙平台，建设耳鼻咽喉专科教学体系的思路：构建高保真三维数字孪生模型与结构化病例资源库，形成覆盖院校教育、毕业后教育和继续医学教育的分层培养路径，促进优质教学资源的下沉与共享，推动国内耳鼻咽喉医学教育的创新发展。

With the advancement of metaverse technology and the successful commercialization of head-mounted displays, the application prospects of the metaverse in medical education are increasingly prominent. This article systematically reviews the latest advancements in the application of the metaverse in otolaryngology and head and neck surgery, and proposes ideas for specialty construction. VR surgical simulators, 3D printing combined with VR technology, can significantly improve trainee assessment scores and operational confidence, optimizing hand-eye coordination and spatial perception abilities. AR microscope systems enable contactless interaction through gesture recognition, enhancing surgical efficiency. AR navigation platforms demonstrate real-time 3D visualization advantages in craniofacial surgery, and VR and 360° video training effectively improve the anterior nares packing skills of junior doctors. VR-assisted teaching for peritonsillar abscess drainage significantly enhances medical students' structured clinical examination scores, operational confidence, and engagement. Integrating 3D virtual models and image overlay technology in transoral robotic surgery provides practical value for image-guided surgery. VR technology can effectively alleviate pain and anxiety in patients undergoing otolaryngological surgery, improve satisfaction, and serve as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce opioid use. VR combined with wearable devices can reduce postoperative opioid consumption, and VR vestibular rehabilitation training can enhance treatment compliance and quality of life for patients with otolith disorders. VR has become an innovative component of ENT digital teaching, demonstrating equivalent or even superior effects compared to traditional methods in anatomy, physiology, and pathology teaching. Based on these advancements, this article proposes the idea of relying on the "Fudan Zhongshan Huisheng Zhiyu" metaverse platform to build a specialized teaching system for otolaryngology: constructing high-fidelity 3D digital twin models and a structured case resource library, forming a tiered training path covering institutional education, post-graduation education, and continuing medical education, promoting the dissemination and sharing of high-quality teaching resources, and driving the innovative development of otolaryngology medical education in China.