Volume 3, Issue 3

Objective: To enhance the accuracy and efficiency of tumor ablation procedures, this study integrated tumor ablation technology with a surgical navigation system and addressed errors induced by electromagnetic interference in clinical settings. Methods: An improved singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm was proposed, which iteratively traversed the point set by selecting three corresponding points at a time to compute transformation matrices. Each matrix was applied to the original dataset, and the one yielding the minimum error between the transformed and target point sets was selected as the optimal solution. This approach mitigated the influence of individual outlier points and significantly reduced navigation errors caused by electromagnetic interference, thereby enhancing registration accuracy and robustness. Results: Experimental results demonstrated that the improved algorithm achieved high accuracy in simulating lesion localization. The root mean square error (RMSE) was employed as a quantitative metric. RMSE values were 0.85, 0.82, and 0.75 at rotation angles of 0°, 5°, and 10°, respectively, indicating minimal deviation between the transformed and target point clouds. Conclusion: Compared with the conventional SVD algorithm, the improved method yielded consistently lower RMSE values, confirming its effectiveness in minimizing electromagnetic navigation errors and enhancing registration accuracy.

Objective: To design a testing device for measuring the radial support force and bending spring back force of stent grafts and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: A radial force and spring-back force testing device was designed to integrate with a tensile testing machine. The radial compression and bending characteristics of stent grafts for thoracic aorta applications were analyzed, and the corresponding conversion formulas were derived. A custom stent ring fixture was fabricated, and a five-wave gradient stent was sewn. Both physical experiments and finite element simulations were conducted. Radial support forces were measured by gripping 20%, 40%, and 60% of the stent’s diameter, and bending tests were performed at angles of 60°, 90°, and 180°. The stability of the testing device was analyzed through comparative tests across different compression diameters and bending angles. Results: The device demonstrated high detection precision, stability, and accuracy, with minimal deviation across multiple measurements. The mechanical behavior of the stent observed in both finite element simulations and physical experiments showed consistent results. Conclusions: The testing device developed in this study effectively measures the mechanical changes in large-diameter stent grafts, providing a new reference for testing large-diameter stents.

Background: Colonoscopy is a key technique for the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer. Water-assisted colonoscopy is increasingly adopted due to its potential to reduce patient discomfort. However, the temperature of the infused water plays a crucial role in both procedural quality and patient experience. This study aimed to optimize water-assisted colonoscopy by developing a constant-temperature water infusion system. Methods: A two-dimensional finite element model was established using COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the heat transfer process between the heating base and the liquid container. The system consisted of a medical-grade 304 stainless steel container, a nichrome heating wire embedded in rubber, and an integrated piping network. Quadrilateral meshing was applied to short-range solid–liquid interfaces and triangular meshing elsewhere, resulting in detailed modeling for both natural heating (27,801 elements) and circulation heating (43,998 elements). Based on simulation results, a hardware platform was developed to deliver sterile water at a constant temperature of 37 °C for digestive endoscopic procedures. Results: Circulation heating demonstrated superior thermal efficiency and more uniform temperature distribution than natural heating. Under ambient conditions (25 °C ), the system reliably maintained water temperature at (37±1)°C . Partitioned meshing enhanced computational precision with a minimum element size of 0.1 mm. Solid-liquid coupling analysis confirmed stable heat conduction during dynamic infusion. The device allows for independent temperature presetting and stepless flow rate adjustment via a control panel. It is also compatible with standard endoscopic systems, thereby enhancing procedural efficiency and safety. Conclusion: The proposed constant-temperature water infusion system model offers a reliable and adaptable solution for water-assisted colonoscopy, improving both diagnostic performance and patient comfort through precise thermal regulation.

Objective: To develop and validate a Transformer-based radiomics model for classifying lung adenocarcinoma subtypes from computed tomography imaging data. Methods: We retrospectively collected 289 computed tomography images of lung adenocarcinoma, including adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and invasive adenocarcinoma. Correlation-based feature analysis was employed and identified 15 optimal radiomic features. A Transformer-based classification model incorporating multi-head attention and position-wise feed-forward Networks was subsequently constructed. Results: The proposed model achieved a training accuracy of 0.98, test accuracy of 0.914, training recall of 0.942, test recall of 0.874, training F1-score of 0.940, test F1-score of 0.871, training area under the curve of 0.99, and test area under the curve of 0.88. Conclusion: This Transformer-based radiomics model effectively classifies lung adenocarcinoma subtypes, aiding early screening, diagnosis, and personalized treatment strategies to improve patient prognosis.

Protecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and superior laryngeal nerve during thyroid and parathyroid surgery remains a significant challenge. Traditional methods primarily rely on visual identification and regional protection techniques to minimize nerve injury. However, these approaches often face challenges such as limited working space, high procedural difficulty, and incomplete tissue removal. Intraoperative nerve monitoring uses neuro physiological techniques to assess the functional integrity of nerves, aiming to prevent or reduce nerve damage. Intraoperative nerve monitoring for laryngeal nerve protection during thyroid and parathyroid surgery provides an effective means of evaluating RLN damage. For successful RLN monitoring, both monitoring personnel and surgeons need a solid understanding of nerve monitoring principles, follow of standardized surgical procedures, and be able to troubleshoot abnormal signals during surgery. With ongoing advancements in technology, nerve monitoring devices are expected to become more sensitive, offering rapid and precise waveform analysis, and enhancing user-friendliness. Additionally, minimally invasive thyroidectomy and robot-assisted surgical systems hold promising potential for the future of thyroid surgery. This paper reviews the use of Intraoperative nerve monitoring and RLN monitoring, incorporating the latest research from both domestic and international studies. It discusses the importance of RLN monitoring, the principles of monitoring technologies, current research on RLN monitoring technology, guidelines for nerve monitoring, and strategies for managing and analyzing abnormal monitoring signals.

Leadless pacemakers have emerged as a mainstream clinical solution, and their communication capabilities, crucial for reliable pacing and device monitoring, continue to evolve. This review systematically examines the fundamental principles of leadless pacemaker communication systems, current design requirements, existing challenges, and future development trends. We outline the bidirectional communication mechanism between leadless pacemakers and external programmers through wireless technologies, focusing on radio-frequency field communication coupled with load modulation techniques to optimize energy efficiency and transmission reliability. Additionally, we analyze the role of artificial intelligence in adaptive communication protocols and explore the clini cal potential of remote monitoring and control systems. This comprehensive analysis aims to serve as a reference for the development of communication architectures for leadless pacemakers.