Medical ultrasound imaging, as a non-invasive, safe, and reliable technology, plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, traditional ultrasound imaging techniques have limitations such as low resolution, poor penetration depth, and high noise levels. To address these issues, beamforming algorithms have become essential. This paper discusses the development and current research status of beamforming algorithms in the context of medical ultrasound systems, focusing on commonly used beamforming algorithms such as synthetic aperture imaging, adaptive beamforming (especially minimum variance distortionless response), and generalized sidelobe canceller technology. These algorithms optimize the emission and reception of ultrasound waves, overcoming the limitations of traditional techniques and improving image resolution, penetration depth, and noise suppression. They provide support for the advancement of medical ultrasound imaging technology and its clinical applications.

Tension band wiring has been widely used in patellar fracture internal fixation. However, Kirschner wires (K-wires) insertion is time-consuming, because it requires multiple intraoperative fluoroscopies to adjust the insertion angle, and the accuracy of insertion is not ideal. In this review, we summarize the measurement of patellar anatomical parameters, K-wires placement level, and application of guiding devices, with the focus on improving the accuracy of K-wire insertion from perspectives of K-wire placement and guiding devices. This review hope to provide some inspiration for new guiding devices with auxiliary K-wire placement.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative complication in elder patients, elevating the risk of dementia, impacting patient prognosis, and adding to the socio-economic burden. Electroencephalography (EEG) enables the recording of brain electrical activity and reffects the state of consciousness. Changes in the electrogram may signal diverse pathological and physiological states. Currently, EEG and its associated monitoring devices are extensively utilized in clinical practice. This paper presents a thorough review of the use of EEG in POCD research, aiming to establish a more substantial foundation for the prediction and prevention of POCD.

To bridge the gap between curriculum content and clinical needs, as well as address the insufficient quality of online educational resources in current postgraduate anesthesiology education, this study proposes a “library-style” network resource platform for anesthesia graduate students, grounded in the competency-based medical education framework. The platform’s primary focus is “classical knowledge module”, which covers six core domains in anesthesiology, such as clinical anesthesia management, anesthesia technical operation, and anesthesia pharmacology. The platform also integrates ‘Internet+’ technology, creating a multifunctional network resource to support comprehensive learning. The platform is characterized by modularized knowledge, diversified resources, dynamic updates, and universal accessibility, enabling postgraduate students to engage in independent and lifelong learning. This flexibility fosters the innovation of hybrid teaching models, combining both online and offline components. The study aims to strengthen the competency-oriented anesthesia training system, providing robust support for both clinical practice and academic research.

In recent years, the importance of endoscopic procedures has risen significantly in response to the escalating prevalence of digestive system diseases. The gastroenteroscopic technique has undergone several iteration and updates; however, challenges related to patient pain remain an ongoing concern. As a result, patients satisfaction with this examination method is still low. Based on this, research has been focusing on assistive technologies that work with endoscopy to increase patient tolerance. The technologies listed in this review inculde sedation, acupoint stimulation, recumbent changes, gas-filled assistance, warm water infusion assistance, and distraction.

Airway management in patients with laryngeal tumor presents significant challenges and risks. SEEK^flex (Safe Easy Endotracheal Kit-flexible) is a modified introducer developed by our team for the intubation in severe COVID-19 patients. Here, we present 4 cases where SEEK^flex facilitated tracheal intubation in patients with laryngeal tumors underwent surgeries and achieved a definitive airway. A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases was also performed using the keywords such as "laryngeal tumor", "airway management" and "anesthesia" to identify the reports on airway management techniques for patients with laryngeal tumors. 14 papers involving 17 patients were retrieved. All the cases reported positive patient outcomes, though there were instances of intubation failure after general anesthesia. Despite increased availability of basic airway management techniques and various types of intubation tools, challenges persist, especially in patients with pre-existing severe airway obstruction. SEEK^flex provides a simple and rapid solution for intubating patients with laryngeal tumors, which ensures a clear airway for patient safety. 

Fungi pose a severe threat to human health worldwide, especially to patients with weakened immune systems. Perioperative patients are at a high risk of fungal infection and death because of the immunosuppression caused by the surgery, as well as the use of surgical instruments. Perioperative patients in ICU are at greater risk of fungal infection. Fungal infections are often difficult to identify, and the treatment is particularly challenging. A well-functioning host immune and an appropriate level of inflammation is essential for controlling fungal infections. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in regulating host immune function, primarily through participating in the post-transcriptional regulation of target genes. After fungal infection, miRNAs are differentially expressed in various tissues, cells, and extracellular vesicles, promoting or inhibiting antifungal effects through different mechanisms to modulate the host immune response. In addition, differentially expressed miRNAs could serve as potential biological markers for the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections. In this review, we discuss the role and significance of miRNAs in fungal infections.

Basic medical education is the cornerstone of healthcare development, directly impacting the well-being of a nation’s population. The advancement of modern medicine has raised increasing demands on the research capabilities of medical students. Therefore, it is crucial to foster their research interests and cultivate their research skills early in their education. As core components of basic medical science and introductory courses to immerse medical students in the intricate microscopic world of the human body, histology and embryology are indispensable in medical education, igniting their curiosity. Incorporating cutting-edge research into education courses can effectively stimulate medical students’ research interests. This article primarily focuses on histology and embryology to explore how the latest scientific advancements and emerging technologies can be incorporated into basic medical curricula, offering insights and suggestions for future developments in medical education.