Radiation therapy is a complex and high-precision technique that requires strict performance criteria for linear accelerators. One of the key factors influencing the quality of radiotherapy is the positioning accuracy of each leaf of the multileaf collimator. This mini-review discusses three commonly used dosimetry-based methods for evaluating multileaf collimator positioning accuracy: the dose film method, the Matrixx ionization chamber array method, and the electronic portal imaging device method. The review highlights the differences between these methods, showing that both the electronic portal imaging device and Matrixx methods offer higher measurement repeatabil ity compared to the dose film method. However, the electronic portal imaging device method is more complex to implement than the Matrixx method.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a visual double-lumen bronchial catheter in teaching lung isolation skills to anesthesia resident trainees. Methods: Between September 2023 and September 2024, 20 anesthesiology residents from Jiangsu Cancer Hospital were randomly divided into two groups: the visual double-lumen group (n=10) and the conventional double-lumen group (n=10). Randomization was achieved using a random number table. The study assessed several outcomes, including total intubation time, positioning time, one-time intubation success rate, intraoperative catheter displacement rate, surgeon satisfaction scores, and the incidence of postoperative complications (pharyngeal pain, hoarseness, and dry cough) within 24 hours. Results: The visual double-lumen group demonstrated superior results compared to the conventional double-lumen group in the following measures: total intubation time (70.2±11.8 s vs 224.9±35.6 s), positioning time (30.1±5.7s vs 176.6±26.4 s), one-time intubation success rate (85% vs 45%), intraoperative catheter displacement rate (10% vs 40%), surgeon’s intubation satisfaction score (8.10±1.07 vs 6.90±1.41), satisfaction score for pulmonary isolation (8.35±1.04 vs 6.55±1.36), and airway management satisfaction score (8.40±1.3 vs 6.70±1.34). Additionally, the incidence of postoperative pharyngeal pain (15% vs 45%), hoarseness (10% vs 40%), and dry cough (5% vs 35%) was significantly lower in the visual double-lumen group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The visual double-lumen bronchial catheter significantly enhances the training of anesthesia residents in lung isolation by reducing intubation and positioning times, improving intubation success rate, increasing surgeon satisfaction, and reducing intubation-related complications. This method offers a more effective teaching approach compared to conventional techniques.

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a ubiquitous commensal in the mammalian flora and the most prevalent fungal pathogen of humans. As an opportunistic fungus, C. albicans can cause mucosal and invasive infections. Invasive candidiasis infected by C. albicans is a leading cause of perioperative death in immunocompromised and immunodeficient patients. The morphological change from the yeast to the mycelium plays a key role in the pathogenesis of C. albicans. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), including Dectin-1, Dectin-2, Dectin-3, Mincle, and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin, are among the pattern recognition receptors expressed by innate immune cells that can recognize C. albicans. The emergence of drug-resistant C. albicans put pressure on the healthcare system, whereby CLRs have also attracted extensive attention from physicians. Thus, in this article, we discuss the interaction between CLRs and C. albicans and the treatment prospects of CLRs on anti-C. albicans.

Medical ultrasound imaging, as a non-invasive, safe, and reliable technology, plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, traditional ultrasound imaging techniques have limitations such as low resolution, poor penetration depth, and high noise levels. To address these issues, beamforming algorithms have become essential. This paper discusses the development and current research status of beamforming algorithms in the context of medical ultrasound systems, focusing on commonly used beamforming algorithms such as synthetic aperture imaging, adaptive beamforming (especially minimum variance distortionless response), and generalized sidelobe canceller technology. These algorithms optimize the emission and reception of ultrasound waves, overcoming the limitations of traditional techniques and improving image resolution, penetration depth, and noise suppression. They provide support for the advancement of medical ultrasound imaging technology and its clinical applications.

Tension band wiring has been widely used in patellar fracture internal fixation. However, Kirschner wires (K-wires) insertion is time-consuming, because it requires multiple intraoperative fluoroscopies to adjust the insertion angle, and the accuracy of insertion is not ideal. In this review, we summarize the measurement of patellar anatomical parameters, K-wires placement level, and application of guiding devices, with the focus on improving the accuracy of K-wire insertion from perspectives of K-wire placement and guiding devices. This review hope to provide some inspiration for new guiding devices with auxiliary K-wire placement.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative complication in elder patients, elevating the risk of dementia, impacting patient prognosis, and adding to the socio-economic burden. Electroencephalography (EEG) enables the recording of brain electrical activity and reffects the state of consciousness. Changes in the electrogram may signal diverse pathological and physiological states. Currently, EEG and its associated monitoring devices are extensively utilized in clinical practice. This paper presents a thorough review of the use of EEG in POCD research, aiming to establish a more substantial foundation for the prediction and prevention of POCD.

To bridge the gap between curriculum content and clinical needs, as well as address the insufficient quality of online educational resources in current postgraduate anesthesiology education, this study proposes a “library-style” network resource platform for anesthesia graduate students, grounded in the competency-based medical education framework. The platform’s primary focus is “classical knowledge module”, which covers six core domains in anesthesiology, such as clinical anesthesia management, anesthesia technical operation, and anesthesia pharmacology. The platform also integrates ‘Internet+’ technology, creating a multifunctional network resource to support comprehensive learning. The platform is characterized by modularized knowledge, diversified resources, dynamic updates, and universal accessibility, enabling postgraduate students to engage in independent and lifelong learning. This flexibility fosters the innovation of hybrid teaching models, combining both online and offline components. The study aims to strengthen the competency-oriented anesthesia training system, providing robust support for both clinical practice and academic research.

In recent years, the importance of endoscopic procedures has risen significantly in response to the escalating prevalence of digestive system diseases. The gastroenteroscopic technique has undergone several iteration and updates; however, challenges related to patient pain remain an ongoing concern. As a result, patients satisfaction with this examination method is still low. Based on this, research has been focusing on assistive technologies that work with endoscopy to increase patient tolerance. The technologies listed in this review inculde sedation, acupoint stimulation, recumbent changes, gas-filled assistance, warm water infusion assistance, and distraction.

Airway management in patients with laryngeal tumor presents significant challenges and risks. SEEK^flex (Safe Easy Endotracheal Kit-flexible) is a modified introducer developed by our team for the intubation in severe COVID-19 patients. Here, we present 4 cases where SEEK^flex facilitated tracheal intubation in patients with laryngeal tumors underwent surgeries and achieved a definitive airway. A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases was also performed using the keywords such as "laryngeal tumor", "airway management" and "anesthesia" to identify the reports on airway management techniques for patients with laryngeal tumors. 14 papers involving 17 patients were retrieved. All the cases reported positive patient outcomes, though there were instances of intubation failure after general anesthesia. Despite increased availability of basic airway management techniques and various types of intubation tools, challenges persist, especially in patients with pre-existing severe airway obstruction. SEEK^flex provides a simple and rapid solution for intubating patients with laryngeal tumors, which ensures a clear airway for patient safety.