Volume 4, Issue 1

Objective: To develop an automated staining device addressing the issues of cumbersome operation, low efficiency, and cluttered workspace associated with current clinical rapid on-site evaluation using Diff-Quik staining for aspiration specimen cytological smears. Methods: The device integrates a microcontroller to control motors, peristaltic pumps, solenoid valves, and fans, enabling the automatic transfer of cytological slides, delivery of staining and rinsing solutions, and forced-air drying. Results: Preliminary test results indicated that the developed device successfully performs four key steps, including Diff-Quik A and B staining, rinsing, and drying, achieving automatic staining of cytological smears. Conclusion: The developed device features a compact footprint and has no pollution to the operating environment, offering a practical solution for automated, efficient, and convenient slide staining during rapid on-site evaluation procedures.

Ankle rehabilitation robots represent an important branch of rehabilitation robotics, offering significant potential to improve the quality of life for patients with ankle dysfunction caused by stroke, sports injuries, and other conditions. This review first outlines the anatomy and range of motion of the ankle joint, compares conventional rehabilitation approaches with robot-assisted therapy, and highlights the clinical significance of ankle rehabilitation robots. It then systematically examines current research progress from two core perspectives: mechanical structure design and control strategies. In mechanical design, the performance characteristics of series versus parallel mechanisms are compared, the advantages and limitations of actuation methods such as electric motors and pneumatic artificial muscles are analyzed, and the application contexts of platform-based and wearable robots are discussed. In control strategies, the discussion covers motion control and human-robot interaction, beginning with fundamental position, velocity, and trajectory tracking control, and extending to intention-level and cognitive interaction. Finally, based on current research and clinical needs, future ankle rehabilitation robots are expected to evolve toward greater flexibility, intelligence, and universality, providing a theoretical foundation for future studies.

Combat trauma hemostasis techniques are crucial for modern military medicine in addressing the challenges posed by high-energy destructive weapons. As reported, the incidence of vascular injuries during the Vietnam War was approximately 2%, while that during the Iraq War ranged from 4.4% to 8.2%. Meanwhile, massive hemorrhage caused by various types of vascular injuries is the primary factor leading to acute death among potentially survivable casualties during wartime. This paper provides a detailed exploration of the research progress in combat trauma hemostasis, with a focus on analyzing vascular injuries and uncontrolled bleeding caused by high-energy destructive weapons in modern warfare. Starting from the pathophysiological characteristics of combat trauma, it introduces the four-level priority treatment system established by North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care, and emphasizes the importance of the “Golden 1-Hour” principle in improving casualty survival rates. The physiological mechanisms of blood coagulation are outlined, followed by an in-depth analysis of both traditional and novel hemostatic techniques, including tourniquets, hemostatic dressings, and auxiliary hemostatic materials. Finally, the challenges faced by combat trauma hemostasis technologies are discussed, along with future development directions.