Leadless pacemakers: A review of communication methods, energy management, and clinical applications
Yundi Zhao1,2, Liping Du2, Wei Chen2, Ping Guo2, Chunsheng Wu1,2
1College of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi Province, China. 2Institute of Med
ical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an
710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
Address correspondence to: Chunsheng Wu, Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Bio
physics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Yanta Cam
pus, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China. E-mail: wuchunsheng@xjtu.edu.cn.
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China, the
Ministry of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China (2023YFC2411902).
DOI:https://doi.org/10.61189/417936cenngx.
Received March 12, 2025; Accepted June 18, 2025; Published September 30, 2025.
Highlights
● This review explores advancements in leadless pacemaker technology, focusing on optimized wireless communication, energy-efficient strategies, and artificial intelligence-enhanced clinical applications.
● As a minimally invasive innovation, these devices enhance patient outcomes through adaptive algorithms and secure data transmission. Key developments include load modulation to maintain signal integrity and intelligent remote monitoring for real-time diagnostics.
● The review also addresses cybersecurity challenges and underscores the transformative potential of integrated intelligent systems in revolutionizing cardiac therapeutics.
Review Article |Published on: 30 September 2025
[Progress in Medical Devices] 2025; 3 (3): 191-201